Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery aids patients with arterial disease by bypassing blocked regions and restoring the circulation of blood to heart muscle.

Ultimately, severe arterial blockages and related heart attacks can result in extensive heart muscle failure, leaving the heart impaired and the patient's survival in jeopardy. Transplantation offers the best solution for patients suffering from end-stage cardiac disease. In the future, we hope to be able to offer patients implantable mechanical devices. Such devices are now emerging as a possible treatment strategy to replace human heart transplantation. However, these devices currently remain experimental and are limited by being dependent on cumbersome portable electrical sources or short-lived internal batteries.